How it works
The SCR system works by a simple chemical process involving Nitrogen in the form of urea; urea is formed from ammonia and is highly soluble in water. In the case of the SCR system, the urea is mixed at a concentration of 32.5% with pure demineralised water under the trade name of AdBlue, AdBlue is also sold under the names of DEF (Diesel Engine Fluid) and AUS32 (Aqueous Urea Solution 32.5%).
The AdBlue solution is pumped at low pressure into the engines exhaust system and mixed in the form of a fine spray with the escaping hot exhaust gases. This process results in the formation of ammonia molecules from urea hydrolysing under high temperature. These ammonia molecules then travel onto the engines exhaust catalyst where they are captured to start the simple chemical reduction process required for the removal of the NOx from the exhaust gases. When the NOx molecules in the escaping exhaust gases collide with the captured Ammonia molecules trapped in the catalyst a chemical reduction process is created. This process involves the reduction of the NOx molecules and NH3 Ammonia molecules into water vapour and free Nitrogen molecules, both of which are harmless compounds which are contained in the atmosphere we breathe.
SCR is an elegantly simple engineering solution for both ensuring clean exhaust emissions, and providing increased engine performance and efficiency. The resultant benefits provided by SCR include increased engine performance and reduced complexity over the system currently used to control engine emissions.
SCR systems provide approx. 5% greater fuel efficiency over any emissions control system currently available.
AdBlue
AdBlue is a registered trade mark for AUS32 (Aqueous Urea Solution 32.5%) and owned by the VDA (German Association of the Automotive Industry). AdBlue is a safe product and possesses the following qualities;
- 32.5% Urea solution manufactured with controlled demineralised water.
- Clear liquid.
- Non-toxic.
- Non-flammable.
- Bio-degradable.
The urea solution AdBlue is metered into the SCR system at a rate of approx. 3 to 5% of diesel fuel consumed and contained in a separate reservoir on the vehicle. This reservoir operates in conjunction with the add-blue dosing unit to ensure correct functioning of the SCR system. These systems are controlled by a self-contained control module which monitors the AdBlue tank to ensure conformity of the AdBlue solution contained in the tank.
The SCR system has been adopted by the following major European & Japanese truck manufacturers;
- Mercedes.
- Volvo.
- Iveco.
- Daf.
- UD.
The current widespread usage (and anticipated future usage by engine manufacturers), plus adoption by major manufacturers of the SCR system for diesel powered passenger vehicles ensures AdBlue availability will rapidly increase. Currently manufactured by two major companies, AdBlue is available in container sizes of 10, 15, 210 and 1000 litres to suit the user’s requirements. No special requirements are needed to ensure safe on-farm storage apart from storing in a cool dry place. In fact AdBlue can go to ground with no hazards to the environment. AdBlue is available in several different package and container sizes to suit the individual customer needs and manufactured by two major global companies.